What about "The Principles of Newspeak"?
George Orwell's 1984: Appendix 312
NEWSPEAK
WAS THE OFFICIAL LANGUAGE [...]
DEVISED TO MEET THE IDEOLOGICAL NEEDS OF [...] SOCIALISM!
In the year '84 there was not as yet anyone who used it as his sole means of communication, either in speech or writing.
The leading articles in the Times were written in it but this was a tour de force which could only be carried out by a specialist.
It was expected that Newspeak would have finally superseded Oldspeak [...] by about the year 2050!
Meanwhile it gained ground steadily,
all Party members tending to use ITS words & grammatical constructions more
& more in their everyday speech?
[...]
The version in use [...], was a provisional one, & contained many superfluous words & archaic formations which were due to be suppressed later. It is with the final, perfected version, [...] that we are concerned here! The purpose of Newspeak was not only to provide a medium of expression for the world-view & mental habits proper to the devotees of Ingsoc,
but to make all other modes of thought impossible.
It was intended
that when New-speak had been adopted once & for all & Oldspeak forgotten,
a heretical thought - that is, a thought diverging from the principles of Ingsoc - (would &
should be literally unthinkable,
at least so far as thought is dependent on words. Its vocabulary was so constructed as to give exact & often very subtle expression to every meaning that a Party member could properly wish to express, while excluding all other meanings & also the possibility of arriving at them by indirect methods! This was done partly by the invention of new words, but chiefly by eliminating un-desirable words
& by stripping such words as remained of unorthodox meanings,
and so far as possible of all secondary meanings
whatever?!
To give a single example.
The word free still existed in Newspeak, but it could only be used in such statements as 'This dog is free from lice' or 'This field is free from weeds'! It could nòt be used in its old sense of 'politically free' or 'intellectually free', since political & intellectual freedom no longer existed even as concepts, & were therefore
of necessity nameless.
Quite apart from the suppression of definitely heretical words,
reduction of vocabulary was regarded as an end in itself,
& no word that could be dispensed with
was allowed to survive.
Thus News-peak was designed nòt to extènd but to
DIMINISH
the range(s) of thought,
& THIS purpose was indirectly assisted
by cutting the choice of words
down to a minimum.
NEWSPEAK
WAS THE OFFICIAL LANGUAGE [...]
DEVISED TO MEET THE IDEOLOGICAL NEEDS OF [...] SOCIALISM!
In the year '84 there was not as yet anyone who used it as his sole means of communication, either in speech or writing.
The leading articles in the Times were written in it but this was a tour de force which could only be carried out by a specialist.
It was expected that Newspeak would have finally superseded Oldspeak [...] by about the year 2050!
Meanwhile it gained ground steadily,
all Party members tending to use ITS words & grammatical constructions more
& more in their everyday speech?
[...]
The version in use [...], was a provisional one, & contained many superfluous words & archaic formations which were due to be suppressed later. It is with the final, perfected version, [...] that we are concerned here! The purpose of Newspeak was not only to provide a medium of expression for the world-view & mental habits proper to the devotees of Ingsoc,
but to make all other modes of thought impossible.
It was intended
that when New-speak had been adopted once & for all & Oldspeak forgotten,
a heretical thought - that is, a thought diverging from the principles of Ingsoc - (would &
should be literally unthinkable, at least so far as thought is dependent on words. Its vocabulary was so constructed as to give exact & often very subtle expression to every meaning that a Party member could properly wish to express, while excluding all other meanings & also the possibility of arriving at them by indirect methods! This was done partly by the invention of new words, but chiefly by eliminating un-desirable words
& by stripping such words as remained of unorthodox meanings,
and so far as possible of all secondary meanings
whatever?!
To give a single example.
The word free still existed in Newspeak, but it could only be used in such statements as 'This dog is free from lice' or 'This field is free from weeds'! It could nòt be used in its old sense of 'politically free' or 'intellectually free', since political & intellectual freedom no longer existed even as concepts, & were therefore
of necessity nameless.
Quite apart from the suppression of definitely heretical words,
reduction of vocabulary was regarded as an end in itself,
& no word that could be dispensed with
was allowed to survive.
Thus News-peak was designed nòt to extènd but to
DIMINISH
the range(s) of thought,
& THIS purpose was indirectly assisted
by cutting the choice of words
down to a minimum.
27 feb 2013 - bewerkt op 27 feb 2013
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