The End: Waar, wanneer, wat, wie & waarom? 30-6-04
Waar,
wanneer, wat
en wie ben je
& waarom?
Re: 16-3-'04 *
We
have already
mentioned several times
by now {again & again?}
how Assyria
became a great military power
under Tiglath Pileser III and under
the usurper Sargon II?
Sargon
was not this man's original name;
he adopted it to flatter the conquered Babylonians
by reminding them of that ancient founder of the Akkadian Empire,
Sargon I, 2000 years before
his time ...
Babylon,
for all that it was a conquered city,
was of greater population and importance than Nineveh,
and its great god Bel Marduk and its traders and priests
had to be treated
politely.
In Mesopotamia
in the eighth century B.C.
we are already far beyond the barbaric days
when the capture of a town necessarily always meant
loot and massacre.
Conquerors
sought to propitiate and win the conquered
just like today if it would be
to their advantage?
So
for a century and a half after Sargon
the new Assyrian empire endured and, as we have noted,
Assurbanipal {Sardanapolos} held at least
lower Egypt ...
*
But
the power and solidarity of Assyria waned rapidly!
Egypt by an effort threw off the foreigner under Pharaoh Psammetichus I,
and under Necho II attempted a war of conquest in Syria.
By that time Assyria was grappling with foes nearer at hand,
and could make but
a poor resistance.
A Semitic people
from south-east Mesopotamia, the Chaldeans,
combined with Aryan Medes and Persians from the north-east against
Nineveh, and in 606 B.C. -
for NOW we are finally coming down to exact chronology -
took that city!
*
There was a division of the spoils of Assyria.
A Median empire was set up in the north under Cyaxares.
It included Nineveh, and its capital was Ecbatana.
Eastward it reached to the borders of India.
To the south of this
in a great crescent
was a new Chaldean Empire,
the Second Babylonian Empire,
which rose to a very great degree of wealth and power
under the rule of Nebuchadnezzar the Great
{the one mentioned in the
bible-stories!}
The
last great days,
the greatest days of all,
for Babylon
began.
For
a time
the two empires
remained at peace,
and the daughter of Nebuchadnezzar
was married
to Cyaxares
...
*
Meanwhile Necho II
was pursuing his easy conquesta in Syria.
He had defeated and slain King Josiah of Judah,
a small country {of which there is more to tell presently?!},
at the battle of Megiddo {ARMAGEDDON aka Har Megiddo} in 608 B.C.,
and he pushed on to the Euphrates to encounter not a decadent Assyria
but a renascent
Babylonia!
The Chaldeans
dealt very vigorously with the Egyptians!
Necho was routed and driven back to Egypt,
and the babylonian frontier pushed down to the ancient
Egyptian boundaries ...
*
From 606 until 539 B.C.
the Second babylonian Empire flourished insecurely.
It flourished so long as it kept the peace with the stronger hardier
Median Empire to the north.
And during these sixtu-seven years
not only life
but also learning flourished
in the ancient city!
*
Even under the Assyrian monarchs
and especially Sardanapolos,
Babylon had been a scene of great intellectual activity!
Sardanapolos, though an Assyrian,
had been quite Babylonised ...
He made a library,
a library not of paper but of clay tablets
that were used for writing in Mesopotamia since early Sumerian days!
HIS collection has been unearthed
and it is oerhaps the most precious store of historical material
in the whole world!
The last of the Chaldean line of Babylonian monarchs, Nabonidus,
had even keener literary tastes!
HE patronised antiquarian researches,
and when a date was worked out by his investigators for the accession of Sargon I
HE commemorated that fact
by inscriptions!
BUT
there were many signs of disunion in his empire
and he sought to centralise it by bringing a number of the various local gods to Babylon and setting up temples to them there ...
THIS device was to be practised quite successfully by the Romans
in later times.
but in babylon it roused the jealousy of the powerful priesthood of Bel Marduk, the dominant god of the Babylonians.
THEY cast about for a possible alternative to Nabonidus
and found it in CYRUS the persian,
the ruler of the adjacent Median Empire!
CYRUS had already distinguished himself by conquering Croesus,
the rich king of Lydia in eastern Asia Minor.
HE came up against babylon,
there was a battle outside the walls,
and the gates of the city
were opened to him
{538 B.C.} ...
His soldiers entered the city without fighting ...
The crown prince Belshazzar,
the son of Nabonidus, was feasting, the Bible relates,
when 'magically' a hand appeared and wrote in letters of fire upon the wall
these mystical words:
"MENE, MENE, TEKEL, EPHARSIN,"
which was interpreted by the prophet Daniel,
whom he summoned to read the riddle, as
"G*D has numbered thy kingdom and finished it,
thou art weighed in the balance and found wanting and thy kingdom is given to the Medes and Persians."
VERY POSSIBLY
the priests of Bel Marduk
knew something about that writing on the wall!?
Beshazzar was killed that night, says the Bible,
Nabonidus was taken prisoner,
and the occupation of the city was so peaceful
that the services of Bel Marduk continued
without intermission ........
THUS IT WAS
the great Babylonian and Median Empires
were united!
Cambyses,
the son of Cyrus, subjugated Egypt.
Canmbyses went mad and was 'accidentally' killed,
and was presently succeeded by Darius the Mede, DARIUS I, the son of
Hystaspes, one of the chief councillors
of Cyrus .............
THIS
Persian Empire of Darius I, the first of the new Aryan empires in the seat of
the old civilisations,
was the greatest empire the world had seen
until then?!
IT INCLUDED
all Asia Minor and Syria,
all the old Assyrian and Babylonian empires,
Egypt,
the Caucasus and Caspian regions,
Media & Persia,
and it extended into India as far as
the river INDUS!!!
SUCH
AN EMPIRE
WAS ONLY POSSIBLE
because the horse and rider and the chariot
and the manmade-road had now been brought into the world!
Hitherto the ass and ox and the camel for desert use had affored
the swiftest method of
transportation
.............
Great
arterial roads
were made now by the Persian rulers
to hold their new empire,
and post-horses were always in waiting for the imperial messenger
or the traveller with an official
permit!
Moreover
the world was now beginning to use coined money,
which greatly facilitated trade
and intercourse
..............
But
the capital
of this vast empire
was no longer Babylon:
in the long run the priesthood of Bel Marduk
gained nothing by
their treason!
Babylon,
though still important,
was now a declining city,
and the great cities of the new empire
now were Persepolis and Susa and
Ecbatana.
The capital was Susa
{Sjusjan}!
Nineveh was already
abandoned and sinking
into ruins ........
wanneer, wat
en wie ben je
& waarom?
Re: 16-3-'04 *
We
have already
mentioned several times
by now {again & again?}
how Assyria
became a great military power
under Tiglath Pileser III and under
the usurper Sargon II?
Sargon
was not this man's original name;
he adopted it to flatter the conquered Babylonians
by reminding them of that ancient founder of the Akkadian Empire,
Sargon I, 2000 years before
his time ...
Babylon,
for all that it was a conquered city,
was of greater population and importance than Nineveh,
and its great god Bel Marduk and its traders and priests
had to be treated
politely.
In Mesopotamia
in the eighth century B.C.
we are already far beyond the barbaric days
when the capture of a town necessarily always meant
loot and massacre.
Conquerors
sought to propitiate and win the conquered
just like today if it would be
to their advantage?
So
for a century and a half after Sargon
the new Assyrian empire endured and, as we have noted,
Assurbanipal {Sardanapolos} held at least
lower Egypt ...
*
But
the power and solidarity of Assyria waned rapidly!
Egypt by an effort threw off the foreigner under Pharaoh Psammetichus I,
and under Necho II attempted a war of conquest in Syria.
By that time Assyria was grappling with foes nearer at hand,
and could make but
a poor resistance.
A Semitic people
from south-east Mesopotamia, the Chaldeans,
combined with Aryan Medes and Persians from the north-east against
Nineveh, and in 606 B.C. -
for NOW we are finally coming down to exact chronology -
took that city!
*
There was a division of the spoils of Assyria.
A Median empire was set up in the north under Cyaxares.
It included Nineveh, and its capital was Ecbatana.
Eastward it reached to the borders of India.
To the south of this
in a great crescent
was a new Chaldean Empire,
the Second Babylonian Empire,
which rose to a very great degree of wealth and power
under the rule of Nebuchadnezzar the Great
{the one mentioned in the
bible-stories!}
The
last great days,
the greatest days of all,
for Babylon
began.
For
a time
the two empires
remained at peace,
and the daughter of Nebuchadnezzar
was married
to Cyaxares
...
*
Meanwhile Necho II
was pursuing his easy conquesta in Syria.
He had defeated and slain King Josiah of Judah,
a small country {of which there is more to tell presently?!},
at the battle of Megiddo {ARMAGEDDON aka Har Megiddo} in 608 B.C.,
and he pushed on to the Euphrates to encounter not a decadent Assyria
but a renascent
Babylonia!
The Chaldeans
dealt very vigorously with the Egyptians!
Necho was routed and driven back to Egypt,
and the babylonian frontier pushed down to the ancient
Egyptian boundaries ...
*
From 606 until 539 B.C.
the Second babylonian Empire flourished insecurely.
It flourished so long as it kept the peace with the stronger hardier
Median Empire to the north.
And during these sixtu-seven years
not only life
but also learning flourished
in the ancient city!
*
Even under the Assyrian monarchs
and especially Sardanapolos,
Babylon had been a scene of great intellectual activity!
Sardanapolos, though an Assyrian,
had been quite Babylonised ...
He made a library,
a library not of paper but of clay tablets
that were used for writing in Mesopotamia since early Sumerian days!
HIS collection has been unearthed
and it is oerhaps the most precious store of historical material
in the whole world!
The last of the Chaldean line of Babylonian monarchs, Nabonidus,
had even keener literary tastes!
HE patronised antiquarian researches,
and when a date was worked out by his investigators for the accession of Sargon I
HE commemorated that fact
by inscriptions!
BUT
there were many signs of disunion in his empire
and he sought to centralise it by bringing a number of the various local gods to Babylon and setting up temples to them there ...
THIS device was to be practised quite successfully by the Romans
in later times.
but in babylon it roused the jealousy of the powerful priesthood of Bel Marduk, the dominant god of the Babylonians.
THEY cast about for a possible alternative to Nabonidus
and found it in CYRUS the persian,
the ruler of the adjacent Median Empire!
CYRUS had already distinguished himself by conquering Croesus,
the rich king of Lydia in eastern Asia Minor.
HE came up against babylon,
there was a battle outside the walls,
and the gates of the city
were opened to him
{538 B.C.} ...
His soldiers entered the city without fighting ...
The crown prince Belshazzar,
the son of Nabonidus, was feasting, the Bible relates,
when 'magically' a hand appeared and wrote in letters of fire upon the wall
these mystical words:
"MENE, MENE, TEKEL, EPHARSIN,"
which was interpreted by the prophet Daniel,
whom he summoned to read the riddle, as
"G*D has numbered thy kingdom and finished it,
thou art weighed in the balance and found wanting and thy kingdom is given to the Medes and Persians."
VERY POSSIBLY
the priests of Bel Marduk
knew something about that writing on the wall!?
Beshazzar was killed that night, says the Bible,
Nabonidus was taken prisoner,
and the occupation of the city was so peaceful
that the services of Bel Marduk continued
without intermission ........
THUS IT WAS
the great Babylonian and Median Empires
were united!
Cambyses,
the son of Cyrus, subjugated Egypt.
Canmbyses went mad and was 'accidentally' killed,
and was presently succeeded by Darius the Mede, DARIUS I, the son of
Hystaspes, one of the chief councillors
of Cyrus .............
THIS
Persian Empire of Darius I, the first of the new Aryan empires in the seat of
the old civilisations,
was the greatest empire the world had seen
until then?!
IT INCLUDED
all Asia Minor and Syria,
all the old Assyrian and Babylonian empires,
Egypt,
the Caucasus and Caspian regions,
Media & Persia,
and it extended into India as far as
the river INDUS!!!
SUCH
AN EMPIRE
WAS ONLY POSSIBLE
because the horse and rider and the chariot
and the manmade-road had now been brought into the world!
Hitherto the ass and ox and the camel for desert use had affored
the swiftest method of
transportation
.............
Great
arterial roads
were made now by the Persian rulers
to hold their new empire,
and post-horses were always in waiting for the imperial messenger
or the traveller with an official
permit!
Moreover
the world was now beginning to use coined money,
which greatly facilitated trade
and intercourse
..............
But
the capital
of this vast empire
was no longer Babylon:
in the long run the priesthood of Bel Marduk
gained nothing by
their treason!
Babylon,
though still important,
was now a declining city,
and the great cities of the new empire
now were Persepolis and Susa and
Ecbatana.
The capital was Susa
{Sjusjan}!
Nineveh was already
abandoned and sinking
into ruins ........
30 jun 2004 - bewerkt op 08 jan 2008
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