't Hele Midden Oosten is natuurlijk bijna altijd al 'n zootje geweest in haast alle tijden & opzichten: opgeblazen wrede heersers, bezetters, uitbuiters, volvreters met veelwijverij, legio kindermisbruik, permanente vrouwenhandel & allerlei aanverwante ellende.
Slavernij was schering & inslag: de potentaten wisselden elkaar af compleet met talloze massaslachtingen!
The destruction of Yerushalayim by the Babylonian king Nebuchadnetsar is a central episode in biblical his-tory: according to 2 Kings 24-25 the Judaean king Yehoyachin yielded to him {in 597 BCE} and all but the poorest of the land were deported, with the Temple also being looted.
Eleven years later, his successor Tsedekyah rebelled & Nebuchadnetsar had him executed, destroyed the city and its Temple & deported more of the population.
This event is presented as an exiling of "Israel" in punishment for its disobiedience against the divine law, a fate that the prophets had foretold {& Shlomo, at the building of the Temple, reputedly some 400 years earlier had anticipated ~ see 1 Kings 13}! It was about 60 years {the book of Yirmeyahu makes it around 7o} before Cyrus {Koresh} of Persia reversed the policy of deportation & allowed deportees to return to their ancestral lands. No wonder he also used to be called 'mashiach' & 'son of g d'!!
Anyway, Judaeans living @ Babylon began to travel to Judah with money, gifts and the looted Temple vessels, to reoccupy the land and rebuild Yerushalayim and the Temple. {The names "Judah" & "Judaea" derive respectively from Hebrew {Yehudah} & Greek/Latin {Ioudaia. Judaea} names for the 'original' Jewish homeland, and so reflect the political and linguistic transitions of the Second Temple period. "Judaea" was generally used for the Roman period ~ 64 BCE & onwards}.
The books of Ezrah & Nechemyah tell of two leaders under whom Yerushalayim was, after some delay. rebuilt & repopulated, the Temple rededicated, the Law of Mosheh read out and religious reforms instituted.
From the biblical perspective this was a divinely decreed restoration of the true Israel, even under an imperial regime, for the "Jewish god" had inspired Cyrus ...