12/V/The Knights of Saint John in Malta: in 1565 ~
THE SCEBERAS PENINSULA WHERE VALETTA NOW STANDS WAS UNINHABITED EXCEPT FOR FORT SAINT ELMO!
After the big siege, still fearing another such massive Turkish attack La Valette decided to build there new fortifications ànd a new city on this penin-sula! The foundation stone of VALETTA was thus laid on March 28 1566. The streets were laid out in a grid pattern! Walls were built to protect this city & a huge ditch was dug across the peninsula: Grand Master La Valette himself died in 1568 aged 73 but the new city is named after hìm! After 1634 Grand Master Antoine de Paule made new fortifications across the peninsula south of Valetta! They were designed by an Italian named Pietro Paolo Floriani! In the 18th century a suburb of Valetta was built between the two lines of fortifica-tion & it was called Floriana after hìm! The Turkish THREAT to Malta remained during the 17th century but by the ènd of the century the whole Turkish Empire was already in severe decline! Meanwhile these Christian knights continued to care for the sick! Thus in 1574 they began building a hospital, the Sacra Infermeria @ Valetta! In 1676 Grand Master Cottoner founded the School of Anatomy & Surgery!!!!
In 1693 Malta was devastated by an earthquake but it soon recovered? However during the 18th century the Knights of Saint John be-came more & more CORRUPT: they spent their time dueling, drinking & chasing women! When the knights became mre decadent they lost favor with the Maltese people. The rule of these knights was finally ended by Napoleone Buonaparte: when sailing French ships to EGYPT they anchored off Malta; NAPOLEON ASKED FOR FRESH WATER FOR HIS SHIPS BUT THE KNIGHTS REFUSED; on June 11th '98 these French landed & these knights quickly surrendered - they had lost their fighting spirit! French Knights were allowed to stay in Mal- ta but all those from other nations were forced to leave! Napoleon left Malta after 6 days but he left 4000 men to guard this strategical island: even though the French removed treasures from churches they dìd òne very good thing ~ THEY ABOLISHED THE INQUISITION!!
On September 2nd 1798 Maltese rose in REBELLION AGAINST THE FRENCH @ MDINA: the French withdrew to Valetta & the Maltese did appeal to the British FOR HÈLP; they imposed a naval blockade of the island. Yet those French held out in Valetta for 2 years & finally did surrender on September 5th 1800! In 1802 British & French made a temporary peace by the Treaty of Amiens: they agreed that the Knights of Saint John the Baptist should return to Malta; the Maltese however did not want these knights back ànd asked the British to stay: in any case, wàr between Britain & France began in 1803 before the Knights could return; as a result the British STAYED! In 1814 all the other European powers recognized Malta as a British colony by the Treaty of Paris. Mòr werkte i/d jaren '60 @ 's-Heerenloo: oud Irminloo LÍET z'n sporen na in bossen, heiden, weiden, zandverstuivingen & 'waterwegen' ~ de Leuvenumse of Hierdense beek & Flevo!
After the big siege, still fearing another such massive Turkish attack La Valette decided to build there new fortifications ànd a new city on this penin-sula! The foundation stone of VALETTA was thus laid on March 28 1566. The streets were laid out in a grid pattern! Walls were built to protect this city & a huge ditch was dug across the peninsula: Grand Master La Valette himself died in 1568 aged 73 but the new city is named after hìm! After 1634 Grand Master Antoine de Paule made new fortifications across the peninsula south of Valetta! They were designed by an Italian named Pietro Paolo Floriani! In the 18th century a suburb of Valetta was built between the two lines of fortifica-tion & it was called Floriana after hìm! The Turkish THREAT to Malta remained during the 17th century but by the ènd of the century the whole Turkish Empire was already in severe decline! Meanwhile these Christian knights continued to care for the sick! Thus in 1574 they began building a hospital, the Sacra Infermeria @ Valetta! In 1676 Grand Master Cottoner founded the School of Anatomy & Surgery!!!!
In 1693 Malta was devastated by an earthquake but it soon recovered? However during the 18th century the Knights of Saint John be-came more & more CORRUPT: they spent their time dueling, drinking & chasing women! When the knights became mre decadent they lost favor with the Maltese people. The rule of these knights was finally ended by Napoleone Buonaparte: when sailing French ships to EGYPT they anchored off Malta; NAPOLEON ASKED FOR FRESH WATER FOR HIS SHIPS BUT THE KNIGHTS REFUSED; on June 11th '98 these French landed & these knights quickly surrendered - they had lost their fighting spirit! French Knights were allowed to stay in Mal- ta but all those from other nations were forced to leave! Napoleon left Malta after 6 days but he left 4000 men to guard this strategical island: even though the French removed treasures from churches they dìd òne very good thing ~ THEY ABOLISHED THE INQUISITION!!
On September 2nd 1798 Maltese rose in REBELLION AGAINST THE FRENCH @ MDINA: the French withdrew to Valetta & the Maltese did appeal to the British FOR HÈLP; they imposed a naval blockade of the island. Yet those French held out in Valetta for 2 years & finally did surrender on September 5th 1800! In 1802 British & French made a temporary peace by the Treaty of Amiens: they agreed that the Knights of Saint John the Baptist should return to Malta; the Maltese however did not want these knights back ànd asked the British to stay: in any case, wàr between Britain & France began in 1803 before the Knights could return; as a result the British STAYED! In 1814 all the other European powers recognized Malta as a British colony by the Treaty of Paris. Mòr werkte i/d jaren '60 @ 's-Heerenloo: oud Irminloo LÍET z'n sporen na in bossen, heiden, weiden, zandverstuivingen & 'waterwegen' ~ de Leuvenumse of Hierdense beek & Flevo!
30 mei 2015 - bewerkt op 01 jun 2015
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